usrv: the lightest python web framework

Package (usrv) is a pure python micro server implementation. It allows python function bindings for all HTTP methods. HTTP body can be encrypted on demand using secp256k1 keypairs.

Install

Developpment version

$ python -m pip install git+https://github.com/Moustikitos/micro-server#egg=usrv

last version (0.4.1)

$ python -m pip install usrv

usrv.route

Bind python code to any HTTP requests easily using decorator syntax. route module can be used in standalone mode outside of usrv package.

usrv.app

Run a low footprint python server or PEP#3333 WSGI server.

import waitress  # wsgi server for windows
from usrv import app, route

@route.bind("/index")
def index(**kw):
    return 200, "Index page", kw

waitress.serve(app.uApp(), threads=2)

Fast and simple

Let’s create a server with /test endpoint in a python module named test.py:

from usrv import route, app

@route.bind("/test")
def do_test(a, b):
    # write some code and return something
    return 200, a, b

def launchApp():
    route.run(host="127.0.0.1", port=5000, loglevel=20)

Bound functions have to return a tuple with a valid HTTP status code as first item. Server can be run from python interpreter:

>>> import test
>>> test.launchApp()
INFO:usrv.srv:listening on 127.0.0.1:5000
CTRL+C to stop...

Now going to http://127.0.0.1:5000/test with any browser gives:

[null, null]

Extracting values from url query

[null, null] above are the returned values a and b from do_test function. Values can be extracted from query string. Let’s type http://127.0.0.1:5000/test?b=12&a=Paris in the address bar:

["Paris", "12"]

Returned value from query are str only. Unexpected values are ignored but there is a convenient way to catch them.

Extracting values from url path

Values can also be extracted from url path with or without a typing precision.

@route.bind("/<int:b>/<a>")
def do_test(a, b):
    # write some code and return something
    return 200, a, b

This binding creates multiple endpoint possibilities. Let’s try http://127.0.0.1:5000/5/test:

["test", 5]

Values from url can be overrided by thoses from query… http://127.0.0.1:5000/5/test?a=2&b=6:

["2", "6"]

It can only be overrided with str type values.

Catching unexpected values

Using varargs or/and keywordargs is a convenient way to catch unexpected values from url query and HTTP context. HTTP Context is defined an headers and data (HTTP requests with body).

When HTTP context is catched by *args, unexpected values from query string are appended next.

Url used for this chapter http://127.0.0.1:5000/test?b=12&a=Paris&unexpected=there.

Variable args (*args)

@route.bind("/test")
def do_test(a, b, *args):
    # write some code and return something
    # args is a tuple
    return 200, a, b, args

With *args method, HTTP headers and data will be postionned at the end of json response

[
  "Paris",
  "12",
  "there",
  "GET",
  {
    "host": "127.0.0.1:5000",
    "connection": "keep-alive",
    "sec-ch-ua": "\"Brave\";v=\"131\", \"Chromium\";v=\"131\", \"Not_A Brand\";v=\"24\"",
    "sec-ch-ua-mobile": "?0",
    "sec-ch-ua-platform": "\"Windows\"",
    "upgrade-insecure-requests": "1",
    "user-agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/131.0.0.0 Safari/537.36",
    "accept": "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8",
    "sec-gpc": "1",
    "accept-language": "fr-FR,fr",
    "sec-fetch-site": "none",
    "sec-fetch-mode": "navigate",
    "sec-fetch-user": "?1",
    "sec-fetch-dest": "document",
    "accept-encoding": "gzip, deflate, br, zstd"
  },
  null
]

Keyword args (**kwargs)

@route.bind("/test")
def do_test(a, b, **kwargs):
    # write some code and return something
    # kwargs is a dict
    return 200, a, b, kwargs

using **kwargs is the recommended way to retrieve unexpected values by names. Unexpected mapping is positionned at the end of json response.

[
  "Paris",
  "12",
  {
    "unexpected": "there",
    "method": "GET",
    "headers": {
      "host": "127.0.0.1:5000",
      "connection": "keep-alive",
      "sec-ch-ua": "\"Brave\";v=\"131\", \"Chromium\";v=\"131\", \"Not_A Brand\";v=\"24\"",
      "sec-ch-ua-mobile": "?0",
      "sec-ch-ua-platform": "\"Windows\"",
      "upgrade-insecure-requests": "1",
      "user-agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/131.0.0.0 Safari/537.36",
      "accept": "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8",
      "sec-gpc": "1",
      "accept-language": "fr-FR,fr",
      "sec-fetch-site": "none",
      "sec-fetch-mode": "navigate",
      "sec-fetch-user": "?1",
      "sec-fetch-dest": "document",
      "accept-encoding": "gzip, deflate, br, zstd"
    },
    "data": null,
  }
]

Command line

WSGI server can be launched from command line.

$ python wsgi_srv.py -h
Usage: wsgi_srv.py [options] BINDINGS...

Options:
  --version             show program's version number and exit
  -h, --help            show this help message and exit
  -t THREADS, --threads=THREADS
                        set thread number           [default: 2]
  -l LOGLEVEL, --log-level=LOGLEVEL
                        set log level from 1 to 100 [default: 20]
  -i HOST, --ip=HOST    ip to run from              [default: 127.0.0.1]
  -p PORT, --port=PORT  port to use                 [default: 5000]

BINDINGS is a space-separated-list of python module names (ie no *.py extention) containing boud python functions. Modules containing bound functions have to be in one of sys.path folder. Specific folder can be added using wsgi_srv.path file.

Changes

0.4.1

• major changes and improvement, no backward compatibility with 0.3.0

0.4.2 (dev)

• improved route.uHTTPRequstHandler response
• added body encryption/decryption based on secp256k1 and AES
• added multipart/form-data body management to req module
• added custom client/server identification
• added secured secret dump and load
• added endpoint builder
• added pinata plugin
• added binance plugin

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